Pandemia y medio ambiente - ¿El fin del transporte público?

[fusion_builder_container type=»flex» hundred_percent=»no» hundred_percent_height=»no» hundred_percent_height_scroll=»no» align_content=»stretch» flex_align_items=»flex-start» flex_justify_content=»flex-start» hundred_percent_height_center_content=»yes» equal_height_columns=»no» container_tag=»div» hide_on_mobile=»small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility» status=»published» border_style=»solid» box_shadow=»no» box_shadow_blur=»0″ box_shadow_spread=»0″ gradient_start_position=»0″ gradient_end_position=»100″ gradient_type=»linear» radial_direction=»center center» linear_angle=»180″ background_position=»center center» background_repeat=»no-repeat» fade=»no» background_parallax=»none» enable_mobile=»no» parallax_speed=»0.3″ background_blend_mode=»none» video_aspect_ratio=»16:9″ video_loop=»yes» video_mute=»yes» absolute=»off» absolute_devices=»small,medium,large» sticky=»off» sticky_devices=»small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility» sticky_transition_offset=»0″ scroll_offset=»0″ animation_direction=»left» animation_speed=»0.3″ filter_hue=»0″ filter_saturation=»100″ filter_brightness=»100″ filter_contrast=»100″ filter_invert=»0″ filter_sepia=»0″ filter_opacity=»100″ filter_blur=»0″ filter_hue_hover=»0″ filter_saturation_hover=»100″ filter_brightness_hover=»100″ filter_contrast_hover=»100″ filter_invert_hover=»0″ filter_sepia_hover=»0″ filter_opacity_hover=»100″ filter_blur_hover=»0″ padding_right=»15%» padding_left=»15%» admin_toggled=»no» margin_top=»20px»][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=»1_1″ type=»1_1″ layout=»1_1″ align_self=»auto» content_layout=»column» align_content=»flex-start» content_wrap=»wrap» spacing=»» center_content=»no» link=»» target=»_self» min_height=»» hide_on_mobile=»small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility» sticky_display=»normal,sticky» class=»» id=»» type_medium=»» type_small=»» order_medium=»0″ order_small=»0″ dimension_spacing_medium=»» dimension_spacing_small=»» dimension_spacing=»» dimension_margin_medium=»» dimension_margin_small=»» margin_top=»» margin_bottom=»» padding_medium=»» padding_small=»» padding_top=»» padding_right=»» padding_bottom=»» padding_left=»» hover_type=»none» border_sizes=»» border_color=»» border_style=»solid» border_radius=»» box_shadow=»no» dimension_box_shadow=»» box_shadow_blur=»0″ box_shadow_spread=»0″ box_shadow_color=»» box_shadow_style=»» background_type=»single» gradient_start_color=»» gradient_end_color=»» gradient_start_position=»0″ gradient_end_position=»100″ gradient_type=»linear» radial_direction=»center center» linear_angle=»180″ background_color=»» background_image=»» background_image_id=»» background_position=»left top» background_repeat=»no-repeat» background_blend_mode=»none» animation_type=»» animation_direction=»left» animation_speed=»0.3″ animation_offset=»» filter_type=»regular» filter_hue=»0″ filter_saturation=»100″ filter_brightness=»100″ filter_contrast=»100″ filter_invert=»0″ filter_sepia=»0″ filter_opacity=»100″ filter_blur=»0″ filter_hue_hover=»0″ filter_saturation_hover=»100″ filter_brightness_hover=»100″ filter_contrast_hover=»100″ filter_invert_hover=»0″ filter_sepia_hover=»0″ filter_opacity_hover=»100″ filter_blur_hover=»0″ last=»true» border_position=»all» first=»true»][fusion_text columns=»» column_min_width=»» column_spacing=»» rule_style=»default» rule_size=»» rule_color=»» font_size=»» line_height=»» letter_spacing=»» text_color=»» content_alignment_medium=»» content_alignment_small=»» content_alignment=»» animation_type=»» animation_direction=»left» animation_speed=»0.3″ animation_offset=»» hide_on_mobile=»small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility» sticky_display=»normal,sticky» class=»» id=»»]En Marzo, parecía que un sentimiento naif se apoderaba de todos. Bajo el peso asfixiante de las noticias que hablaban del desastre sanitario, parecía quedaba el consuelo del resurgir de la naturaleza exuberante mientras los humanos permanecían en sus casas. Y es que las redes sociales se llenaron de fotos de elefantes durmiendo entre las plantaciones de té en India, imágenes de ciervos corriendo por las playas en Huelva, o los archiconocidos vídeos de delfines surcando los canales de Venecia.[/fusion_text][fusion_title title_type=»text» rotation_effect=»bounceIn» display_time=»1200″ highlight_effect=»circle» loop_animation=»off» highlight_width=»9″ highlight_top_margin=»0″ before_text=»» rotation_text=»» highlight_text=»» after_text=»» title_link=»off» link_url=»» link_target=»_self» content_align_medium=»» content_align_small=»» content_align=»left» size=»4″ font_size=»» animated_font_size=»» line_height=»» letter_spacing=»» text_shadow=»no» text_shadow_blur=»0″ text_shadow_color=»» dimensions_medium=»» dimensions_small=»» text_color=»» animated_text_color=»» gradient_font=»no» gradient_start_color=»» gradient_end_color=»» gradient_start_position=»0″ gradient_end_position=»100″ gradient_type=»linear» radial_direction=»center center» linear_angle=»180″ highlight_color=»» style_type=»none» sep_color=»» link_color=»» link_hover_color=»» animation_type=»» animation_direction=»left» animation_speed=»0.3″ animation_offset=»» hide_on_mobile=»small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility» sticky_display=»normal,sticky» class=»» id=»» fusion_font_variant_title_font=»»]

El desplome del transporte público aumenta la contaminación.

[/fusion_title][fusion_text columns=»» column_min_width=»» column_spacing=»» rule_style=»default» rule_size=»» rule_color=»» font_size=»» line_height=»» letter_spacing=»» text_color=»» content_alignment_medium=»» content_alignment_small=»» content_alignment=»» animation_type=»» animation_direction=»left» animation_speed=»0.3″ animation_offset=»» hide_on_mobile=»small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility» sticky_display=»normal,sticky» class=»» id=»»]

Sin embargo esta aparente conquista del espacio humano era, efectivamente, sólo aparente. Pronto salieron los expertos a desmentir estos bulos explicando que estas imágenes no eran lo que parecían y no habían sido tomadas durante la cuarentena.

[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container][fusion_builder_container type=»flex» hundred_percent=»no» hundred_percent_height=»no» hundred_percent_height_scroll=»no» align_content=»stretch» flex_align_items=»flex-start» flex_justify_content=»flex-start» hundred_percent_height_center_content=»yes» equal_height_columns=»no» container_tag=»div» hide_on_mobile=»small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility» status=»published» border_style=»solid» box_shadow=»no» box_shadow_blur=»0″ box_shadow_spread=»0″ gradient_start_position=»0″ gradient_end_position=»100″ gradient_type=»linear» radial_direction=»center center» linear_angle=»180″ background_position=»center center» background_repeat=»no-repeat» fade=»no» background_parallax=»none» enable_mobile=»no» parallax_speed=»0.3″ background_blend_mode=»none» video_aspect_ratio=»16:9″ video_loop=»yes» video_mute=»yes» absolute=»off» absolute_devices=»small,medium,large» sticky=»off» sticky_devices=»small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility» sticky_transition_offset=»0″ scroll_offset=»0″ animation_direction=»left» animation_speed=»0.3″ filter_hue=»0″ filter_saturation=»100″ filter_brightness=»100″ filter_contrast=»100″ filter_invert=»0″ filter_sepia=»0″ filter_opacity=»100″ filter_blur=»0″ filter_hue_hover=»0″ filter_saturation_hover=»100″ filter_brightness_hover=»100″ filter_contrast_hover=»100″ filter_invert_hover=»0″ filter_sepia_hover=»0″ filter_opacity_hover=»100″ filter_blur_hover=»0″ padding_right=»15%» padding_left=»15%» admin_toggled=»yes»][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=»1_1″ type=»1_1″ layout=»1_1″ align_self=»auto» content_layout=»column» align_content=»flex-start» content_wrap=»wrap» spacing=»» center_content=»no» link=»» target=»_self» min_height=»» hide_on_mobile=»small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility» sticky_display=»normal,sticky» class=»» id=»» type_medium=»» type_small=»» order_medium=»0″ order_small=»0″ dimension_spacing_medium=»» dimension_spacing_small=»» dimension_spacing=»» dimension_margin_medium=»» dimension_margin_small=»» margin_top=»» margin_bottom=»» padding_medium=»» padding_small=»» padding_top=»» padding_right=»» padding_bottom=»» padding_left=»» hover_type=»none» border_sizes=»» border_color=»» border_style=»solid» border_radius=»» box_shadow=»no» dimension_box_shadow=»» box_shadow_blur=»0″ box_shadow_spread=»0″ box_shadow_color=»» box_shadow_style=»» background_type=»single» gradient_start_color=»» gradient_end_color=»» gradient_start_position=»0″ gradient_end_position=»100″ gradient_type=»linear» radial_direction=»center center» linear_angle=»180″ background_color=»» background_image=»» background_image_id=»» background_position=»left top» background_repeat=»no-repeat» background_blend_mode=»none» animation_type=»» animation_direction=»left» animation_speed=»0.3″ animation_offset=»» filter_type=»regular» filter_hue=»0″ filter_saturation=»100″ filter_brightness=»100″ filter_contrast=»100″ filter_invert=»0″ filter_sepia=»0″ filter_opacity=»100″ filter_blur=»0″ filter_hue_hover=»0″ filter_saturation_hover=»100″ filter_brightness_hover=»100″ filter_contrast_hover=»100″ filter_invert_hover=»0″ filter_sepia_hover=»0″ filter_opacity_hover=»100″ filter_blur_hover=»0″ last=»true» border_position=»all» first=»true»][fusion_title title_type=»text» rotation_effect=»bounceIn» display_time=»1200″ highlight_effect=»circle» loop_animation=»off» highlight_width=»9″ highlight_top_margin=»0″ before_text=»» rotation_text=»» highlight_text=»» after_text=»» hide_on_mobile=»small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility» sticky_display=»normal,sticky» class=»» id=»» content_align_medium=»» content_align_small=»» content_align=»left» size=»3″ font_size=»» animated_font_size=»» fusion_font_family_title_font=»» fusion_font_variant_title_font=»» line_height=»» letter_spacing=»» margin_top_medium=»» margin_bottom_medium=»» margin_top_small=»» margin_bottom_small=»» margin_top=»» margin_bottom=»» margin_top_mobile=»» margin_bottom_mobile=»» text_color=»» animated_text_color=»» highlight_color=»» style_type=»none» sep_color=»» animation_type=»» animation_direction=»left» animation_speed=»0.3″ animation_offset=»»]

El lado ambiental del confinamiento

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Sin embargo, quizás estas imágenes sólo respondían a una exageración de una situación medioambiental que por el momento parecía insólita. Evidentemente los delfines no habían entrado en Venecia pero las personas que vivían junto al mar sí habían notado que las aguas estaban más transparentes, del mismo modo que aquellos que vivíamos en grandes ciudades notábamos el aire más limpio.

Si estas imagenes falsas lograron calar en las personas es porque, en realidad, simplemente eran una exageración de una situación insólita.

La paralización de muchas industrias y del transporte a nivel mundial generaron durante la cuarentena una caída de las emisiones sin precedentes. El portal especializado Carbon Brief auguraba en primavera que las emisiones de CO2 a la atmósfera podían disminuir 2.000 toneladas este año .

Además, España es uno de los países de Europa donde más ha afectado esta bajada de las emisiones, como recoge la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, que señala que durante el confinamiento la contaminación del aire había caído un 64% de media en este país.

Más contaminación en la segunda ola

[/fusion_title][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container][fusion_builder_container type=»flex» hundred_percent=»no» hundred_percent_height=»no» hundred_percent_height_scroll=»no» align_content=»stretch» flex_align_items=»flex-start» flex_justify_content=»flex-start» hundred_percent_height_center_content=»yes» equal_height_columns=»no» container_tag=»div» hide_on_mobile=»small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility» status=»published» border_style=»solid» box_shadow=»no» box_shadow_blur=»0″ box_shadow_spread=»0″ gradient_start_position=»0″ gradient_end_position=»100″ gradient_type=»linear» radial_direction=»center center» linear_angle=»180″ background_position=»center center» background_repeat=»no-repeat» fade=»no» background_parallax=»none» enable_mobile=»no» parallax_speed=»0.3″ background_blend_mode=»none» video_aspect_ratio=»16:9″ video_loop=»yes» video_mute=»yes» absolute=»off» absolute_devices=»small,medium,large» sticky=»off» sticky_devices=»small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility» sticky_transition_offset=»0″ scroll_offset=»0″ animation_direction=»left» animation_speed=»0.3″ filter_hue=»0″ filter_saturation=»100″ filter_brightness=»100″ filter_contrast=»100″ filter_invert=»0″ filter_sepia=»0″ filter_opacity=»100″ filter_blur=»0″ filter_hue_hover=»0″ filter_saturation_hover=»100″ filter_brightness_hover=»100″ filter_contrast_hover=»100″ filter_invert_hover=»0″ filter_sepia_hover=»0″ filter_opacity_hover=»100″ filter_blur_hover=»0″ padding_right=»15%» padding_left=»15%» admin_toggled=»yes»][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=»1_1″ type=»1_1″ layout=»1_1″ align_self=»auto» content_layout=»column» align_content=»flex-start» content_wrap=»wrap» spacing=»» center_content=»no» link=»» target=»_self» min_height=»» hide_on_mobile=»small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility» sticky_display=»normal,sticky» class=»» id=»» type_medium=»» type_small=»» order_medium=»0″ order_small=»0″ dimension_spacing_medium=»» dimension_spacing_small=»» dimension_spacing=»» dimension_margin_medium=»» dimension_margin_small=»» margin_top=»» margin_bottom=»» padding_medium=»» padding_small=»» padding_top=»» padding_right=»» padding_bottom=»» padding_left=»» hover_type=»none» border_sizes=»» border_color=»» border_style=»solid» border_radius=»» box_shadow=»no» dimension_box_shadow=»» box_shadow_blur=»0″ box_shadow_spread=»0″ box_shadow_color=»» box_shadow_style=»» background_type=»single» gradient_start_color=»» gradient_end_color=»» gradient_start_position=»0″ gradient_end_position=»100″ gradient_type=»linear» radial_direction=»center center» linear_angle=»180″ background_color=»» background_image=»» background_image_id=»» background_position=»left top» background_repeat=»no-repeat» background_blend_mode=»none» animation_type=»» animation_direction=»left» animation_speed=»0.3″ animation_offset=»» filter_type=»regular» filter_hue=»0″ filter_saturation=»100″ filter_brightness=»100″ filter_contrast=»100″ filter_invert=»0″ filter_sepia=»0″ filter_opacity=»100″ filter_blur=»0″ filter_hue_hover=»0″ filter_saturation_hover=»100″ filter_brightness_hover=»100″ filter_contrast_hover=»100″ filter_invert_hover=»0″ filter_sepia_hover=»0″ filter_opacity_hover=»100″ filter_blur_hover=»0″ last=»true» border_position=»all» first=»true»][fusion_text columns=»» column_min_width=»» column_spacing=»» rule_style=»default» rule_size=»» rule_color=»» font_size=»» line_height=»» letter_spacing=»» text_color=»» content_alignment_medium=»» content_alignment_small=»» content_alignment=»» animation_type=»» animation_direction=»left» animation_speed=»0.3″ animation_offset=»» hide_on_mobile=»small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility» sticky_display=»normal,sticky» class=»» id=»»]Hoy, meses después del fin del confinamiento y en plena segunda ola, los datos medioambientales son bastante menos optimistas. Pero, ¿qué es lo que está causando este empuje de las emisiones?

El Periódico de Cataluña apuntó la semana pasada a un factor clave: El descenso drástico del uso del transporte público. Y es que en Barcelona, el uso de metros, trenes y autobuses está al 60% del uso habitual antes de la pandemia. Esto quizás no sorprenda dadas las limitaciones para viajar y la apuesta clara por el teletrabajo, pero cabe cotejar este dato con los indicadores de tráfico. Así, podemos concluir que no es que el transporte se haya reducido en total un 60%, si no que muchas de aquellas personas que usaban el transporte público ahora se han pasado al coche. [/fusion_text][fusion_title title_type=»text» rotation_effect=»bounceIn» display_time=»1200″ highlight_effect=»circle» loop_animation=»off» highlight_width=»9″ highlight_top_margin=»0″ before_text=»» rotation_text=»» highlight_text=»» after_text=»» hide_on_mobile=»small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility» sticky_display=»normal,sticky» class=»» id=»» content_align_medium=»» content_align_small=»» content_align=»left» size=»3″ font_size=»» animated_font_size=»» fusion_font_family_title_font=»» fusion_font_variant_title_font=»» line_height=»» letter_spacing=»» margin_top_medium=»» margin_bottom_medium=»» margin_top_small=»» margin_bottom_small=»» margin_top=»» margin_bottom=»» margin_top_mobile=»» margin_bottom_mobile=»» text_color=»» animated_text_color=»» highlight_color=»» style_type=»none» sep_color=»» animation_type=»» animation_direction=»left» animation_speed=»0.3″ animation_offset=»»]

Problemas de salud a largo plazo

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Ahora que la información sobre la trasmisión del virus es mucho más completa que en mayo, parecemos estar más lejos de un confinamiento férreo, pero sí tenemos mucho más en cuenta el contagio por aerosoles, de manera que un vagón de metro, que es usado por cientos de personas al día y sin ventilación exterior, no parece el medio de transporte más recomendable.

Sin embargo aquí nos encontramos ante una disyuntiva. Nadie quiere compartir su espacio para no correr el peligro de contagiarse, pero, si nos dirigimos hacia una sociedad donde el transporte privado sea el principal, nos enfrentaremos a problemas de salud derivados de estas emisiones. No cabe olvidar que la OMS ha reiterado varias veces que la calidad del aire que respiramos afecta significativamente a nuestra posible recuperación del covid-19. Como es de esperar, un ambiente contaminado y unas dolencias previas por respirar esta contaminación pueden afectar negativamente a sobrevivir a un virus que ataca precisamente al sistema respiratorio.

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¿Cuáles son las posibles salidas?

Ante este bucle ambiental y sanitario, cabe buscar soluciones que mejoren la calidad del aire que respiramos sin comprometer nuestra salud por otras vías:

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En primer lugar, cabe responsabilizarnos para buscar medios de transporte más limpios en emisiones. La demanda de bicicletas, por ejemplo, ha crecido en los últimos meses un 400%, apareciendo como la alternativa preferida a estas problemáticas.
La adaptación de las infraestructuras de transporte público a esta situación sería una de ellas. Asegurar la ventilación y la desinfección del aire de los espacios de transporte público sería clave para volver a apostar por su funcionamiento. Los nanopurificadores son autónomos y no requieren mantenimiento, de manera que podríamos asegurar aire puro y seguro en espacios difíciles de ventilar como un autobús en invierno o un vagón de metro.
A su vez, lo ideal sería instalar mecanismos que ayuden a limpiar el aire en las ciudades, como aumentar las zonas verdes o usar recubrimientos fotocatalíticos que purifiquen el aire que respiramos.

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